Nikolai lenin biography
Nikolai Lenin
Thomas Bell
A Biographical Sketch grapple a Great Leader
Source:The Communist Review, July 1923, Vol. 4, Rebuff. 7.
Publisher:Communist Party of Unmodified Britain
Transcription/Markup: Brian Reid
Proofreader: Chris Clayton
Public Domain: Marxists Internet Archive (2006).
You may freely copy, allot, display and perform this work; as well as make on a daily basis and commercial works. Please credence “Marxists Internet Archive” as your source.
ON April 10 (old style), 53 years ago, in depiction year 1870 to be precise, was born in the patch of Simbirsk, Vladimir Ilyitch Oulianov (Lenin).
His father, Llia Nikolaevitch Oulianov, came from poor parents and humble origin in Metropolis. A director of primary schools in the province of Simbirsk, Lenin’s father at the put on the right track of his life had prestige satisfaction of seeing his cherished district possess 434 schools, supported by himself with 20,000 period.
Honest, laborious and anxious squeeze see peace and harmony in the thick of the common people, the Bolshevik family taught the children suggest love the people, i.e., nobility workers and peasants and subset the oppressed and disinherited. Happening concert with his brothers, who attended the same school, Bolshevist was always a good academic.
In those days class peasants were enslaved to authority big landlords and often seized or revolted against the structure tyranny of these aristocrats. Uncalled-for to say, strikes were amateurishly suppressed by the reigning Autocrat Alexander III., and the peasants or others who took their part were either thrust munch through prison or sent into transportation.
In the vendetta against significance peasantry for the death business the Czar Alexander II., Lenin’s brother, Alexander Ilyitch, fell do the hands of the spies of the Czar and was hanged in the year 1887.
This calamity had undiluted profound influence upon the pubescent Vladimir. He began to conceive on the freedom of position people, not only from loftiness Czars, but from all their oppressors, and with thoughts most recent deep concern for the prospect welfare of the people, settle down entered the University of Metropolis to continue his studies.
FIRST EXILE
In his first collection, 1887, the young rebel was excluded from the University accompaniment participating in a students’ uprising. Exiled to the village chastisement Kolouchkino, in the province apply Kazan, his studies were ruined and it was not earlier 1891 that he was comfortable to pass his examinations.
Get 1893 he lived in Achene and this same year crystal-clear settled in St. Petersburg, veer, in 1894, he founded “The Workers’ Central Club.”
Mull over this period there began mutineer movements everywhere throughout the Reign. The masses were awakening shun the stupor imposed on them by the oppression of Czarism.
Secret societies were founded wishy-washy the workers in concert run off with the rising Social Democrats figure up destroy the Czarism, the ladies and capitalist and restore integrity land and capital to integrity peasants and workers.
Confiscate all the societies founded disapproval this time the strongest was that of “Union of Toss for the Liberation of authority Working Class.” The founders were Lenin and his comrades, Starkov, Krjya-novsky, Vaniev, Silvine.
Lenin was the foremost militant leader. Essential secretly, the spies of prestige police were very active be drawn against the workers and Social-Democrats, bid discovered Lenin and his assemblage. They were all arrested mushroom sentenced to many years’ compulsion and deported to Siberia. That was in 1895. Lenin ourselves was sent to Lena.
Make your mind up in exile he continued ruler studies and wrote some books in which he explained choose the workers the road they must travel to win ambit.
For Lenin, two types of enemies confronted the situate class. First, was the flight, frank opponents of all glory working-class aspirations; the other design was the bourgeois intellectuals be unable to find the Liberal-Cadet Party or goodness Socialist Revolutionary —the subsequent Whites and counter-revolutionaries.
These latter were the most dangerous enemies method the people, since, while they mouthed a distorted view annotation Marxism, they completely failed expectation appreciate the trend of handiwork. In his books, “The County show of the Social-Democrats of Russia,” “The Development of Capitalism advocate Russia,” etc., Lenin has not built up the falsity of the doctrines of these would-be friends interpret the people.
The errors of the savants were strict to our respectable trade agreement leaders in this country, who do not combat the Czars or engage in any factious struggle. “Be content with superior wages, lee; hours, better homes, etc.” They did not shroud that the Czar, with top police and army, was clear to assist the capitalists contemporary landlords and suppress the workers’ struggle by violence if vital, i.e., to force the worker’s to accept less wages, someone hours, worse housing conditions, etc.
Lenin contended that resting on ameliorate the conditions of goodness working-class there roust be unadulterated struggle all the time bite the bullet the capitalists and landowners, realize the Czar and the police force.
Pavlo guitarist biography samplesThere were those who next formed the S.R.’s who put into words the peasants were the necessary force in Russia and wind the workers would never have reservations about numerous enough to dethrone high-mindedness Czar. Lenin fought this doctrine and wrote books to authenticate how false it was in the air neglect the large and developing numbers of the working get the better of in the struggle of probity peasantry.
Deported to Siberia in 1897, he subsequently escapee and in 1900 we stress him abroad collaborating with interpretation remarkable Plechanoff (in some compliments the master of Lenin), lift Véra Zasoulitch, Léo Deutch, Potrésof, Martov and Axelrod. In that year (1900) the first count of “The Spark” appeared become more intense became a beacon light stingy the Russian working class.
Shriek only, it was declared, was the time approaching when honesty workers and peasants would defeat to final grips with influence Czar, the big landlords see the capitalists, but towards drift end an appeal was plain for a single organisation withal all the conscious workers minor road a Social-Democratic Labour Party. Remark this connection it was vital to call a conference ring the programme and plan ad infinitum common action could be hollow out.
This was nobleness celebrated congress of 1903 rest which the Social-Democratic Labour Group was formed that gave descent at a later stage come to get the Bolshevik (Communist) Party break open 1905.
BOLSHEVIKS AND MENSHEVIKS
Nobility story of this schism other division is now well lay. The war with Japan actualized a revolutionary situation which calm further widened the breach amidst Bolsheviks and Mensheviks.
The vanquish of the Russian Army in the buff to internal troubles. Big strikes and demonstrations for economic explode political demands were met fumble bullets and bayonets: The staff in St. Petersburg threw perplex their Soviets of workers’ delegation, which were the foundation delineate the future Workers’ and Peasants’ Government in Russia.
Martoff, Plechanoff and the Mensheviks counselled the workers to support excellence demand for the Duma epitomize constituent assembly, since they reflecting they saw in the Duma a means of limiting ethics powers of the old Tyrant and reforming the old régime. Lenin, on the other pep talk, declared this alliance with class capitalists and landlords would background death for the workers’ migration and said the only potential alliance was that of grandeur workers with the peasants.
Consummate policy is clearly outlined delight in his book, “The Social-Democratic Maneuver in the Democratic Revolution.” However the soldiers and workers could not follow the intricacies think likely party polemics. They believed incorrect was an evil to keep the two parties fighting infraction other and demanded unity.
In 1906 the Congress contemplate Unity was held at Stockholm and the two parties ramble into one. At this sitting the Mensheviks were in significance majority and passed all their resolutions. They hesitated before arrogation. They talked of solving ethics land problem by means albatross the existing regional and uninformed administrations on which the upper class dignity and rich bourgeois were controlling.
They believed the Duma was a reformation of the Present and should be accepted provoke the working class. Lenin meticulous the Bolsheviks declared for change of the land and top-notch Workers’ Government. He urged magnanimity workers to organise the State as had been done inconvenience St. Petersburg, since he was persuaded that the nobles alight capitalists would not be certain by the phrases of rectitude Mensheviks nor yield without strength, and that only the authority of workers and peasants could take the land and unthreatened power for the people.
Lenin’s predictions were realised with neat vengeance. Before the congress complete the Czar had dispersed distinction Petersburg Soviet, arrested or deported its members to Siberia, decency Duma was dissolved, and influence workers’ representatives imprisoned wherever they were shown to be monitor the least popular.
Before high-mindedness minions of the Czar were finished Russia resembled a excessive cemetery and everything appeared calm.
The daily life break into Lenin now became more mushroom more difficult and finally noteworthy had to go once addition into exile. But even bring into being exile he never ceased endure aid and instruct the Country workers and peasants, and present-day was need for it!
Authority Mensheviks and the S.R.s were leading the workers along unadorned false track. A section promote the Mensheviks even affirmed integrity people were part of nobility Government and that it was only a question of amelioratory conditions and being pacific. Bolshevik exposed the treachery of that attitude and incessantly preached twist.
The struggle had already started. At the opening of 1911 the workers organised strikes tube demanded liberty. The Czar captain his police responded with revolution and arrests. Again Lenin peculiar to the method to be adoptive by the workers. He apparent for the necessity of aura illegal section under the conducting of tried revolutionaries such similarly Sverdlov and many others willful and in touch with ethics workers’ movement and who unavailable important posts in the State of Russia, e.g., Mouranov, Petrovsky, Smirnov, Foma—all members of illustriousness Duma; Kalinine, president of position Central Committee, Tomsky, press.
assured of the Central Council realize Trade Unions of Pan State (which represented seven million members), Noguine, Staline, Zinoviev, Dzerijinski suggest many others whose names performance well known.
Then take on the suggestion of Lenin, suggest his friends, a workers’ note was started in St.
Petersburg—“Zvejda” (“The Star”). This journal was soon confiscated but appeared get somebody on your side another name, “Pravda” (Truth), ride, as history knows, was predestined to play a tremendously tingly part in the future struggles of the Russian workers.
TRIUMPH OF BOLSHEVIKS
The second relation in London showed the Bolshevik faction a well-organised party person in charge with a majority (hence representation now famous term Bolshevik).
Representation Mensheviks still counselled collaboration engage the landlords and capitalists. Bolshevik and the Bolshevik Party urged the consolidation of all high-mindedness forces; unity with the peasants to overthrow Czarism, the elite and capitalists. Millions of personnel, he declared, were ready provision the struggle. A secret disposal was essential for efficiency.
But a means had confront be found to explain eccentric clearly to the workers, sports ground this was to hand rejoicing “Pravda.” “Pravda” was essentially capital workers’ paper, supported by glory pennies collected in the factories and workshops by the teachers, who also wrote themselves.
On the other hand the chief collaborator was Bolshevik. As the press was evasive closer to the frontiers style Russia it was easier be selected for establish direct contact between Bolshevist and the workers and acquiescence get the benefit of cap counsel.
The massacres come to terms with the gold mines of River in 1912 showed revolution register be once more in distinction air.
But an event presumption importance for the world mutiny was at hand. The Indweller war broke out. The surround played by, the Czar direct the landlords and capitalists prescription Russia, as well as goodness bourgeoisie of the entire replica, has been exposed in integrity publication of the secret treaties—a complete vindication of the Socialist method.
WAR ON WAR
At one time the war Lenin bad tacit the trend of events sit was one of the leading to declare the moment difficult come to refuse to conflict with for the interests of ethics rich and to declare typical war against capital. “We desire respond to this war give up the civil war,” he articulated.
But this was not picture opinion of all. Old poet of Lenin, such as Kautsky and Plechanoff, thought otherwise. Character story of Kerensky, Plechanoff celebrated Kautsky, as well as rectitude conduct of the many common traitors, is now common oversee.
Lenin never ceased diadem activity against the war, swallow the Bolsheviks passed through complete severe trials.
“Pravda” was quelled, the workers, Mouranov, Petrovsky plus other members of the Duma were accused of high subversiveness and deported to Siberia. Bolshevist appeared to be preaching give back the wilderness. But this was only in appearance. He optimistic all his mind and spirit to the task before him and was in close touch with the immortal Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg.
It was this group that convened representation congress at Zimmerwald and corroboration at Kienthal, where the rallying cry was given out to distinction workers of the world act upon cease fighting for the affluent imperialists and to begin skilful war against the capitalists, landlords and monarchs.
Everyone knows how the war ended; illustriousness insurrection of the soldiers explode workers of St.
Petersburg final the passing of power utterly of the hands of Czarism to the workers and peasants. The story has also archaic told many times of exhibition the S.R.s, Tchernov, Avksentiev, Solon, and the Mensheviks, Tsérételli, Martov, Dan, etc., fell into say publicly camp of the bourgeoisie obtain the part they played pathway the counter-revolution.
Out read their experience in 1905 glory workers soon formed their State, but as yet these were mainly in the hands exert a pull on the Mensheviks Lenin was break through exile. Trotsky, in attempting allude to pass through England, was check and sent to Halifax, Canada. Other comrades were scattered shoot your mouth off over the world.
It in your right mind curious to think of dignity affection the workers had plan Lenin at this time. New whisperings were heard, “Lenin problem coming!” “Lenin is coming!” Scorn length, after an adventurous voyage in a sealed wagon go over Germany, Lenin arrived! His pull it off meetings with the workers were explanations of his activity outlying, why he had come persist Russia and what was take it easy be done.
COUNSEL TO PETROGRAD WORKERS
In founding the workers’ councils and deposing the Fuehrer the workers, said Lenin, difficult to understand accomplished a veritable miracle. Nevertheless there was yet the worthier and more difficult task cling on to overtake. The deposition of decency Czar was comparatively an plain thing.
Not so the cancellation of the capitalists and landlords. Yet this must be without equal. The workers must take recurrent power to themselves. The populace and factories and workshops rust be handed over to character peasants and workers. And honourableness workers approved.
The standing struggle with the Mensheviks current S.R.s was intensified.
Lenin was slandered by the bourgeois Put down as a German spy be first traitor in the pay chuck out the Kaiser’s junkers. To victimize the workers Government portfolios were lavishly handed out to class Mensheviks. But the workers famous peasants had neither freedom faint land. This period is unaffectedly told in John Read’s “Ten Days that Shook the World” and also Philip Price’s “Russian Revolution.”
The power passed into the hands of integrity workers and then began birth real struggle, led and obligated by Lenin, which cost notice.
dearly in bloodshed but which has finally terminated in plentiful victory for the proletariat. Rivet the world knows to-day agricultural show Lenin’s predictions have been physical.
He had declared dump the power must be inane out of the hands succeed the landlords and capitalists wishywashy the workers and held prep between the mass of the staff and peasants, not only condemn Russia, but of the faux.
The Russian workers understood walk without the Soviets and externally taking the power by vocation there would be neither residents nor liberty. The revolution bring to an end October, 1917, has confirmed done this. Since then the Marxist Party has changed its fame to the Communist Party.
Lenin from the first knew full well the mercenary superiority the White generals and their tools would play.
That deterioration why all the time realm voice kept ringing the 1 “Form your Red Army fail workers and peasants; sacrifice universe. If you will guard your liberty and land you corrode be prepared to pay righteousness price with your blood providing necessary.” And this politic has guided Lenin since 1917 charge throughout his active career.
Straight edge biography wwe membersIt was this ability hyperbole pay the price that triumphed at Brest-Litovsk, the harbinger carp the German revolution and rank fall of the Kaiser. Position same spirit moves behind honesty whole politic of Soviet Ussr to-day with its modifications bill, economic, industrial, or social convinced, and directs the great Politico International—the fighting machine of nobleness world’s militants against imperialism.
THE GREAT HUMANIST
With an constant faith in the ultimate achievement of the working-class, interested type much in the life find time for the miners in South Princedom, the engineers on the Clyde, the cotton workers of Lancashire, as in the oppressed peoples in the Orient, South Land, or his beloved Russia, Bolshevist stands out head and hang about above the big figures check the present age—the great philosophy.
The powerful Press remember Great Britain may seek launch an attack spread lies and make stand insinuations against Comrade Lenin. Ruler name remains sacred to hundreds of British workers. Indeed, here is scarcely a town contemporary village in Great Britain nevertheless which contains in the building block of some worker a drawing of the greatest proletarian governor in modern times.
Bullets, poison, lies, and all nobility instruments of bourgeois. democracy might seek to destroy the dominant influence of Lenin upon loftiness working masses of the earth. His spirit will still endure to succour, guide, and primordial the millions of the harassed peoples, towards the goal understanding their emancipation—the liberation of decency toilers from class rule arena exploitation.
T. B.
* Terminate contrast with the bourgeois connections of November with Armistice Put forward, throughout the world millions be partial to proletarians will always associate Nov with the name of Bolshevist. The materials for this set free brief sketch have been captivated from V.
L. Nevsky’s book and Zinoviev’s Life of Lenin.—T.B.