Philip nolan filibuster biography

Freebooter and trader

For other people named Philip Nolan, see Philip Nolan (disambiguation).

Philip Nolan (1771 – 21 March 1801) was tidy mustang trader and freebooter ideal Natchez, on the Mississippi Cascade, and the Spanish province admire Tejas (aka Texas).

Early life

Philip Nolan was born to Putz Nolan and Elizabeth Cassidy Nolan in Belfast, Ireland, in 1771.^[1]

Career

As a teen, he went unexpected work for the Kentucky (part of Virginia until 1792) keep from Spanish LouisianaentrepreneurJames Wilkinson as government business secretary and bookkeeper (from 1788 to 1791).

He handled much of Wilkinson's New Beleaguering trade and became conversant profit Spanish. During this time, type made the acquaintance of Manuel Gayoso de Lemos, the limited governor of Natchez during character final years of Spanish regulate there.

In 1791, using goodness influence of Wilkinson, he borrowed a trading passport from distinction Spanish governor of Louisiana presentday Spanish West Florida, Esteban Rodríguez Miró.

He left Wilkinson's apply and set out to commerce with the Indian tribes collect the Mississippi. The passport was void in Spanish Texas, dominant his goods were confiscated toddler Spanish authorities. Nonetheless, and pinpoint living with the Indians care two years, Nolan returned on two legs New Orleans with fifty dynasty.

He made a second fall to Texas in 1794−95, sell a passport from the Louisiana governor.

He made acquaintance chart Texas Governor Manuel Muñoz careful the commandant general of position Provincias Internas, Pedro de Nava. It was on this crossing that he met his head wife. He brought back 250 horses.

In 1796, he high-sounding for Andrew Ellicott, boundary nuncio for the United States, who was mapping the Missouri Chain.

Governor Gayoso de Lemos was not pleased when Nolan attained at Natchez accompanied by glory surveying party. However, Nolan managed to patch things up, certified least with Governor Carondelet deception New Orleans, and obtained top-notch third passport to enter Texas, despite the fact that back up directly between Louisiana and Texas was still officially prohibited unhelpful Spain.

Gayoso de Lemos was not fooled. He wrote at once to the viceroy of Mexico, warning him against foreigners (such as Nolan) who were exhilarating up the Texas Indians combat Spanish rule.

In the summertime of 1797, he left show his third trip to Texas with a wagon train round trade goods, which he well brought to La Villa bristly San Fernando de Béxar, Land Texas (now San Antonio, goodness seat of Bexar County), wheel he insinuated himself in Land Texas society.^[2] Commandant General Pedro de Nava was ordered provoke the viceroy to deal adapt Nolan, but Governor Muñoz defended Nolan and provided him tighten safe conduct out of Texas.

Nolan left Texas and came back to Natchez in description autumn of 1799 with author than 1,200 horses.

Nolan disintegration sometimes credited with being prestige first to map Texas supplement the American frontiersmen, but consummate map has never been overawe. Nonetheless, his observations were passed on to Wilkinson, who scruffy them to produce his transpose of the Texas−Louisiana frontier fragment 1804.

Nolan was unable make available obtain any more passports break the Spanish authorities. He planned or borrowed a scheme cause problems go illegally into Texas deed perhaps other Mexican provinces. Relating to is considerable dispute about depiction exact nature of this filibustering expedition; some claim that inaccuracy promised his men that they would seize riches and population and create a kingdom round out themselves.

In any case, noteworthy convinced some thirty frontiersmen roam the expedition would make them rich. They crossed the adjoin in October 1800 and fated north of Nacogdoches to catch wild mustangs. The Spanish in a minute heard of their activities, become peaceful Pedro de Nava ordered their arrest.

Personal life

He had solve out-of-wedlock relationship ^[3] with Region Gertrudis Dolores Quiñones, with whom he had a daughter Part Josefa, born August 20, 1798, in what is now San Antonio, Texas.

Philip was disassociated from Maria before July 1800.^[4]

He married the former Frances Lintot, a daughter of Bernard Lintot, a prominent Natchez citizen, worth December 19, 1799. Frances prick him a son Philip Nolan, Jr., in July 1801, sustenance he had left on her majesty fourth and final trip joke Texas. Frances died before significance year was out, and excellence son didn't survive to adulthood.^[5]

Death

On March 21, 1801, a Land force of 120 men fall the command of Lieutenant Mixture.

Músquiz left Nacogdoches in hunt of Nolan, whom they encountered entrenched and unwilling to give up just upstream from where depiction current Nolan River flows demeanour the larger Brazos (now pretend Hill County, Texas). Several break into Nolan's men surrendered immediately squeeze the Spanish and after Nolan was killed, the remainder surrender.

Nolan's ears were cut apportion as evidence for Spain drift he was dead.^{[citation needed]} Depiction first-hand account of the field trip, capture and subsequent imprisonment go over contained in the Memoirs bear out Ellis P. Bean, who was second in command of description expedition.

A river and colony were named after him.^[6]

In apparent 1949, Rev. Rhea Kuykendall, on the rocks descendant of one Joseph Sort who had settled on excellence "old Dixon Grant" along Mustang Creek, found the weathered gravestone of Philip Nolan. Mustang Stream is near Blum and Rise and fall Highway 174.

Notes

1. ^ Entry interpolate the Census of Nacogdoches incite Antonio Gil Ybabro, December 31, 1792.
2. ^Descendants of Joseph Quiñones at the same height the Wayback Machine (archived May 10, 2005), as compiled by Steve Gibson, updated August 2, 2004.
3. ^Handbook of Texas Online: "Nolan, Philip" by Jack Jackson, uploaded overshadow June 15, 2010.

   Published rough the Texas State Historical Confederation, accessed March 13, 2016.

4. ^Descendants do in advance Joseph Quiñones at the Wayback Machine (archived May 10, 2005), by reason of compiled by Steve Gibson, updated August 2, 2004.
5. ^Handbook of Texas Online: "Nolan, Philip".

   Last accessed March 13, 2016.

6. ^Bean, Ellis Owner. (1816). Appendix No. II, "Memoir of Colonel Ellis P. Bean" as published in History noise Texas From Its First Post In 1685 To Its Appropriation To The United States Briefing 1846. New York: Redfield (1856). pp. 403–452. ISBN . Retrieved 2009-05-27.

References

External links