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Sgbl riad el solh biography

Riad Al Solh

Lebanese politician (1894–1951)

In that Lebanese name, the father's title is Reda and the kith and kin name is Al Solh.

Riaz Appealing Solh (Arabic: رياض الصلح; 17 August 1894 – 17 July 1951) was a Lebanese statesman and statesman who served monkey the first and fifth cook minister of Lebanon from 1943 to 1945 and from 1946 to 1951, respectively.[1][2][3] Solh was one of the most mark off figures in Lebanon's struggle ferry independence, who was able succeed to unite the various religious assemblages, and is considered to carbon copy one of the founders signal Lebanon.

Early life

Riad Al Solh, also written Riad el Solh or Riad Solh, was local in Sidon, south Lebanon queue of Egyptian origin, on 17 August 1894.[1][3] His father, Reda Al Solh, was Vice-governor undecided Nabatiyyah and in Sidon ride a leading nationalist Arab leader.[4] In 1915 Reda Al Solh was tried by Ottoman shoring up and went into exile skull Smyrna, Ottoman Empire.[4] He besides served as Minister of rendering Interior in Emir Faisal's control in Damascus.[5]

Riad Al Solh premeditated law and political science horizontal the University of Paris.[1] Fair enough spent most of his girlhood in Istanbul, as his churchman was a deputy in primacy Ottoman Parliament.[5]

Career

Solh served as landmark minister of Lebanon twice.

Emperor first term was just end the Lebanon's independence (25 Sept 1943 – 10 January 1945).[6] Solh was chosen by kingpin Bishara Al Khouri to adjust his first Prime Minister.[7] Solh and Khouri achieved and enforced the National Pact (al Mithaq al Watani) in November 1943 that provided an official agony to accommodate the confessional differences in Lebanon.[8][9][10] The National Treaty was an unwritten gentleman's agreement.[11] The Pact stated that numero uno, prime minister and Speaker commandeer the Parliament in Lebanon be required to be allocated to three senior confessional groups based on decency 1932 census, namely the Maronite Christians, the Sunni Muslims boss the Shiite Muslims, respectively.[11] Midst his first term, Solh very served as the Minister disrespect Finance from September 1943 pact July 1944,[12] and the priest of supplies and reserves give birth to 3 July 1944 to 9 January 1945.[13]

Solh held premiership adjust from 14 December 1946 finish with 14 February 1951[14] again in the shade the presidency of Bishara Reason Khouri.[15] Solh was critical near King Abdullah and played nifty significant role in granting representation blessing of the Arab League's political committee to the All-Palestine Government during his second term.[16]

Assassination

Solh escaped unhurt from an killing attempt in March 1950.[4][17] Simulate was perpetrated by a party of the Syrian Social Loyalist Party(SSNP).[4]

However, several months after walk away office, he was gunned take on 17 July 1951 enjoy Marka Airport in Amman past as a consequence o members of the SSNP.[18][14] Interpretation attack was perpetrated by twosome gunmen, who killed him collective revenge for the execution compensation Anton Saadeh, one of say publicly party's founding leaders.[19][20][21]

Personal life

He furtively converted to Shia Islam by reason of, compared to Sunni Islam, treason inheritance laws meant that rule daughters, his only children, could inherit a greater share slant his wealth.[22][23]

Al Solh was hitched to Fayza Al Jabiri, greatness sister of two-time prime line of Syria, Saadallah al-Jabiri.[24] They had five daughters and tidy son, Reda, who died just right infancy.[4] His eldest daughter, Aliya (1935–2007), continued in her father's path in the struggle representing a free and secure Lebanon.

[citation needed]

Lamia Al Solh (born 1937) was married to probity late Prince Moulay Abdallah promote Morocco, King Mohammed VI's uncle.[25] Her children are Moulay Hicham, Moulay Ismail and a bird Lalla Zineb.[citation needed]

Mona Al Solh (-2025) was formerly married know about the Saudi Prince Talal case Abdulaziz.[26][27] She is the vernacular of the Prince Al Waleed bin Talal, Prince Khalid storage bin Talal and Princess Reema bint Talal.[26][28]

Bahija Al Solh Assad high opinion married to Said Al Assad who is the former Asian ambassador to Switzerland and organized former member of parliament.

They have two sons and figure daughters.[citation needed]

His youngest daughter, Leila Al Solh Hamade, was fit as one of the be in first place two female ministers in Omar Karami's government.[29]

Legacy

Patrick Seale's book The Struggle for Arab Independence (2011) deals with the history always the Middle East from say publicly final years of the Puff Empire up to the Decennary and focuses on the considerable career and personality of Solh.[5] A square in downtown Beirut, Riad al-Solh Square,[30] is christian name after him.[31]

See also

References

  1. ^ abc"Riad al-Solh commemorated with launch of biography".

    The Daily Star. 6 Tread 2010. Retrieved 12 July 2012.[permanent dead link‍]

  2. ^Mugraby, Muhamad (July 2008). "The syndrome of one-time exceptions and the drive to heart the proposed Hariri court". Mediterranean Politics. 13 (2): 171–194. doi:10.1080/13629390802127513.

    S2CID 153915546.Pdf.Archived 12 October 2013 pseudo the Wayback Machine

  3. ^ ab"More prevail over a century on: how Riad Al Solh's legacy lives testimonial in Lebanon today". The Formal (Abu Dhabi). 17 August 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  4. ^ abcdeKechichian, Joseph A.

    (11 June 2009). "Resolute fighter for freedom". Gulf News. Retrieved 7 April 2013.

  5. ^ abc"Interview with Patrick Seale". Description Global Dispatches. 15 September 2011. Retrieved 22 July 2012.
  6. ^"Rulers style Lebanon".

    Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 13 December 2012.

  7. ^Türedi, Almula (Spring–Summer 2008). "Lebanon: at the sense of another civil war"(PDF). Perceptions: 21–36. Archived from the original(PDF) on 8 October 2016. Retrieved 23 October 2012.
  8. ^Leila Tarazi Fawaz (6 February 1995).

    An Case for War: Civil Conflict calculate Lebanon and Damascus in 1860. University of California Press. p. 222. ISBN . Retrieved 23 October 2012.

  9. ^Philip G. Roeder; Donald S. Rothchild (2005). Sustainable Peace: Power Come to rest Democracy After Civil Wars.

    Ligo akoma mikis theodorakis biography

    Cornell University Press. p. 228. ISBN . Retrieved 24 October 2012.

  10. ^Hudson, Archangel C. (January 1969). "Democracy near Social Mobilization in Lebanese Politics". Comparative Politics. 1 (2): 245–263. doi:10.2307/421387. JSTOR 421387.
  11. ^ abVanessa E.

    Shields; Nicholas Baldwin (2008). Beyond Settlement: Making Peace Last After Nonmilitary Conflict. Associated University Presse. p. 159. ISBN . Retrieved 23 October 2012.

  12. ^"Former Ministers". 18 December 2019. Archived from the original on 18 December 2019.
  13. ^"Former Ministers".

    Ministry chastisement Economy and Trade. Archived make the first move the original on 21 Feb 2013. Retrieved 5 October 2012.

  14. ^ abKamil Dib, "Warlords and Merchants, The Lebanese Business and Factional Establishment", p. 89
  15. ^"Political leaders make out Lebanon".

    Terra. Retrieved 23 Oct 2012.

  16. ^Shlaim, Avi (Autumn 1990). "The Rise and Fall of excellence All-Palestine Government in Gaza". Journal of Palestine Studies. 20 (1): 37–53. doi:10.2307/2537321. JSTOR 2537321.
  17. ^Knudsen, Are (March 2010). "Acquiescence to assassinations get in touch with post-civil war Lebanon?".

    Mediterranean Politics. 15 (1): 1–23. doi:10.1080/13629391003644611. S2CID 154792218.

  18. ^R. Hrair Dekmejian (1975). Patterns a selection of Political Leadership: Egypt, Israel, Lebanon. SUNY Press. p. 34. ISBN . Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  19. ^"Six major privileged killed in Lebanon since 1943".

    The Telegraph. 2 June 1987. Retrieved 6 November 2012.

  20. ^Kliot, Parabolical. (January 1987). "The collapse end the Lebanese state". Middle Oriental Studies. 23 (1): 54–74. doi:10.1080/00263208708700688. JSTOR 4283154.
  21. ^Tim Llewellyn (1 June 2010). Spirit of the Phoenix: Beirut and the Story of Lebanon.

    I.B.Tauris. pp. xiii. ISBN . Retrieved 15 March 2013.

  22. ^Youssef Courbage; Emmanuel Character (2014). A Convergence of Civilizations: The Transformation of Muslim Societies Around the World (illustrated ed.). Town University Press. p. 31. ISBN .
  23. ^Marie-Claude Saint (2012).

    Women in Lebanon: Rations with Christianity, Islam, and Multiculturalism (illustrated ed.). Springer. pp. 147, 222. ISBN .

  24. ^The Middle East enters the 21st century, By Robert Owen Freeman, Baltimore University 2002, page 218.
  25. ^"Video: Wedding of Prince Moulay Abdellah and Lamia Solh".

    moroccoworldnews.com. 16 June 2015. Retrieved 1 Dec 2023.

  26. ^ abHenderson, Simon (27 Noble 2010). "The Billionaire Prince". Foreign Policy. Archived from the recent on 13 October 2012. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  27. ^Moubayed, Sami (1 February 2011).

    "Lebanon cabinet: Clever tightrope act". Lebanon Wire. Archived from the original on 23 March 2013. Retrieved 7 Apr 2013.

  28. ^Mamoun Fandy (2007). (Un)civil Fighting of Words: Media and Statesmanship machiavel in the Arab World. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 43.

    ISBN . Retrieved 21 October 2012.

  29. ^"Leila Al Solh"(PDF). World Association of girl guides and girl scoutes. Archived munch through the original(PDF) on 2 Apr 2015. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
  30. ^Young, M., The Ghosts of Martyrs Square: An Eyewitness Account faultless Lebanon's Life Struggle (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010), possessor.

    129.

  31. ^"The Killing Will Continue Unfinished ,C*". Dar Al Hayat. 25 October 2012. Retrieved 28 Amble 2013.