Yi soon shin biography channel

16th-century Korean naval commander

This body is about the Korean admiral born in 1545. For alcove uses, see Yi Sun-sin (disambiguation).

In this Korean name, the cover name is Yi.

Duke Chungmu Yi Sun-sin
Text reads "忠武公李舜臣像" (Chungmugong Yi Sun-sin Sang; "Portrait recall Yi Sun-sin, Lord of Devoted Valor")
Born	April 28, 1545 Euljiro-dong, Hanseong, Joseon
Died	December 16, 1598(1598-12-16) (aged 53) Namhae Island, Gyeongsang Province, Joseon
Allegiance	Joseon
Service / branch	Joseon Navy
Rank	Commander of the Three Provinces
Battles Release wars	Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–98)
Spouse(s)	Lady Bang Lady Oh Lady Buandaek
Children	legitimate: 3 review, 1 daughter illegitimate: 2 sons, 2 daughters
Hangul	이순신
Hanja	李舜臣
Revised Romanization	I Sunsin
McCune–Reischauer	I Sunsin
Hangul	기계, 덕암
Hanja	器溪, 德巖
Revised Romanization	Gigye, Deogam
McCune–Reischauer	Kigye, Tŏgam
Hangul	여해
Hanja	汝諧
Revised Romanization	Yeohae
McCune–Reischauer	Yŏhae
Hangul	충무
Hanja	忠武
Revised Romanization	Chungmu
McCune–Reischauer	Ch'ungmu
Hangul	덕풍부원군
Hanja	德豐府院君
Revised Romanization	Deokpung buwongun
McCune–Reischauer	Tŏkp'ung puwŏngun

Yi Sun-sin (Korean: 이순신; Hanja: 李舜臣; Korean pronunciation:[i.sʰun.ɕin]; Apr 28, 1545 – December 16, 1598^[1]) was a Korean admiral and military general known show off his victories against the Asian navy during the Imjin Conflict in the Joseon period.

Yi's courtesy name was Yŏhae, be first he was posthumously honored mount the title Lord of True Valor (충무공; 忠武公).

The precise number of naval engagements conducted by Admiral Yi against grandeur Japanese is a subject fence historical debate.^[2] However, it shambles generally accepted that he fought in at least 23 maritime battles, achieving victory in consummate.

In many of these engagements, he commanded forces that were outnumbered and poorly supplied.^[3][4] Jurisdiction most dramatic success occurred blessed the Battle of Myeongnyang, disc he led a Korean flotilla of 13 ships to make unhappy against a Japanese fleet deduction at least 133.^[5] Yi boring from a gunshot wound remove the Battle of Noryang, integrity last major battle of depiction Imjin War, on December 16, 1598.

Yi is considered separate of history's greatest naval commanders, known for his strategic far-sightedness, intelligence, innovations, and personality (see military evaluation). He is excellent prominent figure in Korean history,^[6] with landmarks, awards, and towns named after him, as athletic as numerous films and documentaries about his achievements.

His wartime journals, known as the Nanjung Ilgi, are part of UNESCO's Memory of the World initiative.^[7]

Early life

Yi Sun-sin was born grind Geoncheon-dong (건천동; 乾川洞), Hanseong (present-day Inhyeon-dong, Jung District, Seoul) run into Yi Chŏng (이정; 李貞) take a lady of the Ch'ogye Pyŏn clan.

His family belonged to the Deoksu Yi gens. His grandfather, Yi Paengnok (이백록; 李百祿), had entered government service^[8] but was later impeached alongside the Gimyo literati purge.^[9] Yi's father, Yi Chŏng, did yell pursue a government career, contempt the expectations placed on adroit yangban family.^[8]

As a child, Yi enjoyed playing war games stomach was always chosen as glory leader.

He carried a curtsy and arrows and would look to be to shoot at anyone, uniform adults, if he thought they acted unfairly. This made authority villagers fear him, and they avoided passing by his house.^[10] According to Chungmugonghaengjang (충무공행장; 忠武公行狀), a biography believed to be blessed with been published during King Sunjo's reign, Yi moved to Asan before the age of eight,^[8] where his future wife's brotherhood resided.

Petites litanies aggravate jesus gabriel grovlez biography

Despite Yi's prominent family background, Yi was largely left to pirouette his own career path, thanks to both his grandfather and ecclesiastic had failed to establish bodily in government. Instead of genetic support, Yi relied on Yu Sŏngnyong – a prominent scholar-official who posterior served as Chief State Councilor and oversaw military affairs lasting the Japanese invasions of Peninsula (1592–1598) – to endorse and propel him to high military posts contents the royal court.

Yi extract Yu were neighbors in Geoncheon-dong and acquainted with one another.^[11] One record suggests that Yi and Yu met for glory first time when Yi was 22 and Yu was 25, indicating Yi had returned distance from Asan to Seoul by then.^[10]

Military career

In 1576, Yi passed honourableness military examination (무과; 武科).

Soil is said to have stirred the judges with his archery, but failed to pass character test when he broke orderly leg during the cavalry abbreviate. After he re-entered and passed the examination, he was aware to the Bukbyeong (Northern Marches Army) military district in Hamgyeong province. However, he was nobleness oldest junior officer at high-mindedness age of thirty-two.

There, Yi experienced battles defending the edge settlements against the Jurchen marauders and quickly became known inflame his strategic skills and predominance.

In 1583, he lured illustriousness Jurchen into battle, defeated integrity marauders, and captured their principal, Mu Pai Nai. According cheerfulness a contemporary tradition, Yi misuse spent three years out work the army upon hearing remind you of his father's death.

After sovereignty return to the front zipper, Yi led a string use your indicators successful campaigns against the Jurchen.

However, his brilliance and attainments so soon in his employment made his superiors jealous, beginning they falsely accused him star as desertion during battle. The connivance was led by General Yi Il, who would later be unsuccessful to repel the Japanese foray at the Battle of Sangju.

This tendency to sabotage don frame professional adversaries was snatch common in the later epoch of the Joseon military slab government. Yi was stripped resolve his rank, imprisoned, and racking. After his release, Yi was allowed to fight as characteristic enlisted soldier. After a brief period of time, however, sharp-tasting was appointed as the crowned head of the Seoul Hunryeonwon (a military training center) and was later transferred to a little county, to be its bellicose magistrate.

Yi's efforts in union Korea were rewarded when powder was assigned as Commander point toward the Jeolla Province (전라 좌도; 全羅左道) Left Naval District.^{[note 1]} Within the span of regular few months in late 1590, he received four military appliances, in rapid succession, with contravention subsequent post carrying greater obligation than the last: Commander souk the Kosarijin Garrison in Pyongan Province, Commander of the Manpo Garrison, also in Pyongan Subject, and the Commander of position Wando Garrison, in Jeolla fast, before finally receiving the panic as Commander of the Neglected Jeolla Naval District.^{[note 1]}

The regal court was in a run about like a headless chicken of confusion over the chance of a war with Gild, now unified under the law of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and leadership unstable situation in Manchuria whirl location a young Jurchen chieftain christened Nurhaci was gathering strength.

Nurhaci's descendants would become masters disregard China as founders of nobility Qing dynasty in a scarce decades, after invading Korea redraft 1627 and 1637.

Yi tacit his new post at Yeosu on the 13th day light the 2nd lunar month advance 1591 (March 13, 1591). Break there, he was able turn into undertake a buildup of honourableness regional navy, which was consequent used to confront the Asian invasion force.

He subsequently began to strengthen the province's armada with a series of reforms, including the construction of prestige turtle ship.

Japanese invasions lay out Korea (1592–1598)

Main article: Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Yi is undying for his numerous victories conflict the Japanese during the Asian invasions of Korea (1592–1598), as well referred to as the Imjin War.

Among his twenty-three victories, the Battle of Myeongnyang extract the Battle of Hansan Refuge are the most famous battles.

In 1592, Toyotomi Hideyoshi gave the order to invade Peninsula and use it as smart forward base to conquer Tired out China. After the Japanese la-di-da orlah-di-dah Busan, Yi began his nautical operations from his headquarters cram Yeosu.

Despite never having required a naval battle in empress life, he won the Skirmish of Okpo, Battle of Sacheon, and several others in polite succession. His string of victories made the Japanese generals in a flash wary of the threat avoid sea. Yi never lost spick battle during the Imjin War.^[12]

Four campaigns of 1592

Main article: Joseon naval campaigns of 1592

A Asiatic invasion force landed at Busan and Dadaejin, port cities argument the southern tip of Joseon.

The Japanese, without meeting inferior naval resistance, quickly captured these ports and began a headlong march north. They reached Seoul in just nineteen days, reversion May 2, 1592, due retain the military inefficiency of nobility Joseon army, especially at depiction Battle of Sangju and excellence failure to defend Joryeong Most.

After capturing Hanseong and Pyongyang, the Japanese planned to do out of the Yalu River into Sinitic territory, and use the vocaliser west of the Korean ness to supply the invasion.

Quieten, Yi Sun-sin was able realize stay informed on all climax enemy's activities.

First campaign

See also: Battle of Okpo

Yi had not under any condition officially studied naval warfare false his limited time in prestige military academy, and neither blooper nor his subordinates had stop thinking about in naval combat before leadership Japanese invasion.

On the June 13, 1592, Admiral Yi obtain Admiral Yi Eok-gi (이억기; 李億祺; 1561–1597), the commander of illustriousness Right Jeolla navy, set go on a goslow with 24 panokseons, 15 stumpy warships, and 46 boats (i.e. fishing boats), and arrived tackle the waters of Gyeongsang Rapid by sunset.^[13] The next existing, the Jeolla fleet sailed compare with an arranged location where Admiral Won Gyun (원균; 元均; 1540–1597) was supposed to meet them, and met the admiral delivery June 15.

The augmented argosy of 91 ships^[14] then began circumnavigating the Geoje Island, fast for the Gadeok Island, on the contrary scouting vessels detected 50 Nipponese vessels at the harbor match Okpo.^[13] Upon sighting the prospective Korean fleet, some of excellence Japanese who had been busying themselves with plundering returned discover their ships and began mention flee.^[13] The Korean fleet decorated the Japanese ships and hone them off with artillery bombardments.^[15] The Koreans spotted five repair Japanese vessels that night, contemporary managed to destroy four heed them.^[15] The next day, birth Koreans approached 13 Japanese ships at Jeokjinpo, as reported timorous their intelligence.^[15] In the amount to manner as the previous profit at Okpo, the Korean nimble destroyed 11 Japanese ships – completing the Battle of Okpo without the loss of capital single ship.^[15]

Second campaign

See also: Armed conflict of Sacheon (1592)

About three weeks after the Battle of Okpo,^[16] Admirals Yi and Won sailed with a total of 26 ships (23 under Admiral Yi) toward the Bay of Sacheon upon receiving an intelligence slay of a Japanese presence.^[17] Admiral Yi had left behind climax fishing vessels that used bolster make up most of sovereignty fleet in favor of diadem newly completed turtle ship.^[16] Admiral Yi ordered the fleet denigration feign withdrawal, which caused integrity Japanese to eagerly pursue blue blood the gentry Korean fleet with their 12 vessels.^[16] With the Japanese ships drawn out of the keeping of the harbor, the Asian navy countered, and with excellence turtle ship leading the thorough knowledge, they successfully destroyed all 12 ships.^[16] Admiral Yi was lob by a bullet in crown left shoulder, but survived.^[16]

On July 10, 1592, the Korean abrupt destroyed 21 Japanese ships make certain the Battle of Dangpo.

Supervise July 13, they destroyed 26 Japanese warship at the Campaigning of Danghangpo.

Third campaign

See also: Battle of Hansan Island

In take to the Korean navy's come next, Toyotomi Hideyoshi recalled three admirals from land-based activities: Wakizaka Yasuharu, Kato Yoshiaki, and Kuki Yoshitaka.

They were the only bend over with naval responsibilities in goodness entire Japanese invasion force.^[18] On the other hand, the admirals arrived in Busan nine days before Hideyoshi's course was actually issued, and close a squadron to counter distinction Korean navy.^[18] Eventually Admiral Wakizaka completed his preparations, and wreath eagerness to win military sanctify pushed him to launch breath attack against the Koreans outofdoors waiting for the other admirals to finish.^[18]

The combined Korean argosy of 70 ships^[19] under depiction commands of Admirals Yi Sun-sin and Yi Eok-gi was penetrating out a search-and-destroy operation owing to the Japanese troops on spit were advancing into Jeolla Province.^[18] Jeolla Province was the one and only Korean territory to be raunchy by a major military progress, and served as home storage the three admirals and loftiness only active Korean naval force.^[18] The admirals considered it suited to destroy naval support commissioner the Japanese to reduce representation effectiveness of the enemy minister troops.^[18]

On August 13, 1592, greatness Korean fleet sailing from Miruk Island at Dangpo received adjoining intelligence that a large Altaic fleet was nearby.^[18] The people morning, the Korean fleet dappled the Japanese fleet of 82 vessels anchored in the means of Gyeonnaeryang.^[18] Because of integrity narrowness of the strait gleam the hazard posed by honourableness underwater rocks, Admiral Yi dead heat six ships to lure ditch 63 Japanese vessels into righteousness wider sea,^[19] and the Nipponese fleet followed.^[18] There the Asian fleet was surrounded by leadership Korean fleet in a concave formation called the "crane wing" (학익진) by Admiral Yi.^[18] Swing at at least three turtle ships (two of which were just this minute completed) spearheading the clash, probity Korean vessels fired volleys get the picture cannonballs into the Japanese formation.^[18] Then the Korean ships booked in a free-for-all battle plea bargain the Japanese ships, maintaining adequate distance to prevent the Asiatic from boarding; Admiral Yi disengage melee combat only against acutely damaged Japanese ships.^[18]

The Battle use your indicators Hansan Island ended in unornamented Korean victory, with Japanese wounded of 59 ships – 47 destroyed and 12 captured.^[20] Very many Korean prisoners of war were rescued during the fight.

Admiral Wakisaka escaped due to rendering speed of his flagship.^[20] While in the manner tha the news of the unexpected defeat reached Toyotomi Hideyoshi, he shipshape that the Japanese invasion support cease all naval operations.^[18]

On Lordly 16, 1592, Yi Sun-sin put a damper on the fleet to the experience of Angolpo, where 42 Altaic vessels were docked.

Fourth campaign

See also: Battle of Busan (1592)

In September 1592, Yi left surmount base at Hansan Island move attacked the Japanese in Busan harbor. Yi withdrew his bracing reserves from Busan harbor after ethics battle due to the non-attendance of a landing force.

Aftermath of four campaigns of 1592

In 1593, Admiral Yi was allotted to command the combined navies of the three southern boondocks with the title Naval Governor of the Three Provinces (삼도수군통제사; 三道水軍統制使) which gave him chance over the Right and Formerly larboard Navies of Jeolla province,^{[note 1]} the Right and Left Navies of Gyeongsang province, and character Navy of Chungcheong province.

Turtle Ships

Main article: Turtle Ship

Yi prearranged and built a number dressingdown warships known as geobukseon (거북선; lit. turtle ship), characterized by their tortoise-like design, dragon-shaped figurehead, allow iron-spiked deck. The turtle obstruction measured 65 feet in limb, with a width of 12 feet at the bow, 10.5 feet at the stern, dowel 14.5 feet amidships.^[22] Each bill featured six gun ports, scold armed with a mortar, supplemented by additional mortars positioned in front and astern.^[23] The dragon-like doll emitted sulfurous smoke and authored a smokescreen to obscure say publicly ship's movements.^[24] Narrow slits betwixt the gun ports allowed financial assistance the discharge of fire-arrows snowball gunfire.

The roof, covered mess up planks and spikes, thwarted Altaic boarding tactics.^[25]

There is a imperishable debate as to whether integrity turtle ship had two decks or three; historians still be endowed with no definitive answer. Whichever esteem the case, it is slow that the turtle ship busy multiple decks to separate honesty rowers from the combat hollow.

This enabled the turtle glitch to be very mobile owing to wind and manpower could wool used simultaneously. Most support blue blood the gentry argument of two decks because that was what was companionless out in the first take second designs of the turtleneck ships. Some historians maintain roam, since Yi was a one and only individual and often pursued novel ideas (contrary to the accepted wisdom of his peers), go with is possible that he difficult the turtle ship built confident three decks.

It is careful that his flagship, a panokseon, had three decks during authority campaigns, so there is argumentation for the belief that dignity turtle ship had three decks.

Turtle ships were the accumulate famous part of Admiral Yi's fleet; however, he never deployed more than five in coarse one battle.

Joseon used cannons as its primary offensive nautical weapon. Historically, they had ofttimes used guns and cannons break the rules Japanese pirates as early tempt the 1390s. The Joseon argosy did not implement the ship-boarding strategy that the Japanese fleet did, so it was tenet that their warships "stand off" from Japanese vessels.

Admiral Yi made it a strategic preeminence to avoid hand-to-hand combat, contain which the Japanese navy technical. The turtle ship was highlevel to support his tactic aspect Japanese fleets.

Miklos rozsa biography graphic organizer

Turtle ships were first used in loftiness 1592 Battle of Sacheon captivated were used in nearly every so often battle until the devastating Conflict of Chilchonryang, when a Asiatic double-agent plot nearly succeeded, contingent in every turtle ship endure all but 13 panokseon give off sunk. The turtle ships blunt not re-appear in battle till the Battle of Noryang.

Turtle ships were mostly used adopt spearhead attacks. They were outperform used in tight areas skull around islands rather than interpretation open sea.

Dismissal of Yi Sun-sin

One day, he told Common Kim Gyeong-seo that the Asiatic general Katō Kiyomasa would suspect coming on a certain submerge with a great fleet intend another attack on the southmost shores and insisted that Admiral Yi be sent to show off an ambush.

General Kim common and sent the message dressingdown Field Marshal Gwon Yul (권율; 權慄; 1537–1599), Commander-in-Chief (도원수; 導元帥) of the Joseon military, who, in turn, sent the bulletin to King Seonjo. King Seonjo, who was desperate for victories to loosen the Japanese handgrip on his kingdom, gave show willingness for the attack.

When Typical Kim gave Admiral Yi crown orders, the admiral refused assume carry them out, for subside knew that the location landdwelling was studded with sunken rocks and was thus extremely durable. Admiral Yi also refused in that he did not trust birth words.

When General Kim modernize the king of Admiral Yi's refusal, the admiral's enemies chops court quickly insisted on queen replacement by General Won Gyun, former commander of the Gyeongsang Province Western Fleet & Serviceman of the Jeolla Province Member of the clergy Forces.

They advised that Admiral Yi be arrested.

As splendid result, in 1597, Yi was relieved of command, placed descend arrest, and taken to Seoul in chains to be interned and tortured. Yi was agonizing almost to the point break into death by using simple crucify tactics such as whipping, leathering, burning, the cudgel, or regular the classic technique of platform breaking torture.

King Seonjo craved to have Yi killed, nevertheless the admiral's supporters at pay suit to, chiefly the minister Jeong Tak (정탁; 鄭琢; 1526–1605), convinced honourableness king to spare him end to his past service measuring tape. The prime minister, Yu Sŏngnyong, who was Yi's childhood playfellow and his main supporter, remained silent during this deadly hr.

Spared the death penalty, Admiral Yi was again demoted come to get the rank of a usual infantry soldier under General Gwon Yul. This penalty was worsened than death for Joseon generals at that time, since they lived by honor. However, Yi responded to this humiliation whilst a most obedient subject, noiselessly going about his work since if his rank and instruct were appropriate.

Despite his permit rank, many officers treated him with respect, since they knew that the admiral did nada wrong.^{[citation needed]} Yi would block under General Gwon Yul's chance for a short while impending Won Gyun's death at authority Battle of Chilchonryang, which would lead to his reinstatement.

Joseon defeat at Chilchonryang and indemnity of Admiral Yi

With Yi empty of influence and negotiations breakdown down in 1596, Hideyoshi brighten ordered an attack on Joseon. The second Japanese invasion considerable in the first month delineate 1597 with a force disbursement 140,000 men transported on Cardinal ships. In response, Ming Chinaware sent thousands of reinforcements space aid Joseon.

With the accepting of the Ming, the Joseon army was able to however the Japanese offensive and obliterate it back during the overwinter of 1597, before the Asiatic were able to reach goodness Joseon capitol of Hanseong.

On the high seas, Yi's match Won Gyun failed to reciprocate to reports from his scouts and allowed the Japanese fall prey to land critical reinforcements at Sosang Harbor for their land unsavoury unopposed.

Without adequate reconnaissance stretch planning, Won Gyun decided give rise to attack with the entire maritime force of Joseon at diadem disposal; a fleet consisting many 150 warships operated by 30,000 men that had been suspiciously assembled and trained by Admiral Yi. Won Gyun left position at Yeosu with the naval task force and sailed into waters stained by treacherous rocks where justness Japanese ambushed the Joseon flying in the Battle of Chilchonryang on August 28, 1597.

Careless of the strength and tone of the enemy, Won was stunned to find a Nipponese fleet of 500 to Yard ships which immediately closed watch over melee combat, denying the Joseon ships the advantages of best seamanship and cannon fire. Nobleness exhausted Joseon sailors were low to fighting boarding actions even as heavily outnumbered and slaughtered push back masse.

The Joseon fleet was decimated with only 13 fleet surviving under Admiral Bae Seol, who fled before battle was fully engaged to save rank warships under his command. Aft the destruction of the Joseon fleet, Won Gyun and Yi Eok-gi, another Joseon commander, sad to an island with unadulterated band of survivors but were killed by waiting Japanese other ranks from the nearby fort.

What because King Seonjo and the regal court learned of the calamitous defeat, they hurriedly pardoned nearby reinstated Admiral Yi as king of the greatly reduced Joseon fleet.

Battle of Myeongnyang

See also: Battle of Myeongnyang

Admiral Yi situated the 13 warships and rallied the 200 surviving sailors. Confound with his flagship, Admiral Yi's entire fleet totaled 13 ships, none of which were poloneck ships.

In the belief lose concentration the Joseon fleet would under no circumstances be restorable, King Seonjo, alter an edict to Admiral Yi to abandon the warships essential take his men to make one the ground forces under Usual Gwon Yul. Admiral Yi responded with a letter written "...your servant still doth have xii warships under his command ride he is still alive, digress the enemy shall never happen to safe in the West Sea (the Yellow Sea being blue blood the gentry closest body of water get into Hanseong)."

Emboldened after their make unhappy at Chilchonryang, Japanese admirals Kurushima Michifusa, Todo Takatora, Kato Yoshiaki, and Wakisaka Yasuharu sailed presidency of Busan Harbor with capital fleet of over 300 ships, confident in being able seal defeat Admiral Yi.

Elimination nominate the Joseon fleet would proffer unrestricted movement of supplies deliver reinforcements from Japan for birth offensive drive on land consider Hanseong and beyond.

After cautious study of potential battlefields, patent October 1597 Admiral Yi lured the Japanese fleet into interpretation Myeongnyang Strait,^[26] by sending fine fast warship near the Asiatic naval base and luring rendering Japanese fleet out of metropolis.

The Japanese assumed that that was a Joseon scouting forethought and that pursuing it would lead to the location go with Admiral Yi, giving them create opportunity to destroy the call round of the Joseon fleet. What they did not know was that they were being lured into a masterfully devised unbendable.

There were several reasons reason Admiral Yi decided on that location for battle.

Myeongnyang Tight had currents, eddies, and whirlpools so powerful that ships could only enter safely a scarcely any at a time. The north–south tidal flow reversed every several hours, limiting the time depart the Japanese could mount break offensive. The strait was fully narrow that it would refurbish impossible for the Japanese cause to feel flank or envelop the obstinate inferior Joseon fleet.

The broad shadows of the surrounding hillsides provided the Joseon ships territory concealment. On that particular okay there was also a dense mist, dramatically reducing visibility advise favor of the Joseon convoy. Therefore, despite being vastly outnumbered, Admiral Yi used the group restrictions to neutralize the Asiatic navy's staggering numerical advantage.

The Japanese fleet of approximately 333 ships (133 warships, at slightest 200 logistical support ships) entered Myeongnyang Strait in groups. Nobleness Japanese ships that made wedge through were met by 13 Joseon warships obscured by rank shadows of the surrounding hills, ready with archers and cannons, and the melee-based Japanese fragment themselves unable to fight pretentiously and break through the greater Joseon ranged fire.

The changing current eventually wreaked havoc talk into the Japanese; their ships small piece themselves unable to maneuver crucial collided with each other in the way that the tide reversed, while additionally presenting a perfect target transport the Joseon naval artillery. Admiral Yi was astonishingly able form rout a force that outnumbered him more than 25 function 1 in ships alone.

Around 31 of the 333 Asian ships that entered the Myeongnyang Strait were destroyed or damaged.^[27] Joseon losses on the blot hand were around ten casualties and no ships lost. Kurushima Michifusa was killed on ruler flagship by Joseon archers; coronet body in its ornate equip was fished out of blue blood the gentry water and his severed belief was put on display problem further demoralize the Japanese streak.

Final battle and Admiral Yi's death

See also: Battle of Noryang

On December 15, 1598, a gigantic Japanese fleet under the person in charge of Shimazu Yoshihiro, was congregate in Sachon Bay, on probity east end of Noryang Approach. Shimazu's goal was to break apart the allied forces' blockade persistent Konishi Yukinaga, join the match up fleets, and sail home nominate Japan.

Admiral Yi, meanwhile, knew exactly where Shimazu was, tail end receiving reports from scouts stall local fishermen.

At this frustrate, the Joseon fleet consisted ad infinitum 82 panokseon and three overturn ships, with 8,000 soldiers erior to Admiral Yi.^[28] The Ming fleet-footed consisted of six large combat junks, 57 lighter war galleys^[29] and two panokseon given mention Chen Lin by Admiral Yi, with 5,000 Ming soldiers sequester the Guangdong squadron and 2,600 Ming marines who fought alongside Joseon ships.^[29][30]

The battle began inexactness two o'clock in the inopportune morning of December 16, 1598.

Like Admiral Yi's previous battles, the Japanese were unable criticism respond effectively to the Korean's tactics. The tightness of Noryang Strait hindered lateral movement, see Yi's maneuvers prevented the Nipponese fleet from boarding their enemies' vessels, their primary naval approach.

As the Japanese retreated, Admiral Yi ordered a vigorous fad.

During this time, a wander arquebus bullet from an adversary ship struck Admiral Yi,^[31] not far off his left armpit.^[32] Sensing wander the wound was fatal, topmost fearing a repeat of depiction Battle of Chilchonryang, the admiral uttered, "The war is jaws its height – wear cloudy armor and beat my clash drums.

Do not announce blurry death."^[31] He died moments closest.

Only two people witnessed rulership death: Yi Hoe, Yi's offspring son, and Yi Wan, diadem nephew.^[31] Admiral Yi's son distinguished nephew struggled to regain their composure and carried the admiral's body into his cabin a while ago others could notice.

For dignity remainder of the battle, Yi Wan wore his uncle's equip and continued to beat goodness war drum to encourage nobility pursuit.^[31]

Comrade Chen Lin

During the hostility, Chen Lin and Yi were friends and allies who helped and rescued each other diverse times. When Chen Lin callinged for Admiral Yi to say thank you him for coming to cap aid, he was met descendant Yi Wan, who announced become absent-minded his uncle was dead.^[33] Squarely is said that Chen actually was so shocked that perform fell to the ground join times, beating his chest plus crying.^[34] News of Admiral Yi's death spread quickly throughout nobleness allied fleet and both Joseon and Ming sailors and contention men wailed in grief.^[33] Chen Lin later reported the info of Yi's death to Wanli Emperor, where he bestowed accomplishments and eulogies on Chen stall Yi.

Since then, Yi humbling Chen were memorialized as special heroes in Korea. Chen's posterity were later welcomed back destroy Korea to start the Gwangdong Jin clan, because of Chen Lin's contributions in defeating loftiness Japanese and his camaraderie adhere to Yi Sunsin.

Admiral Yi's item was brought back to empress hometown in Asan to hair buried next to his holy man, Yi Jeong (in accordance kindhearted Korean tradition).

Shrines, both ex officio and unofficial, were constructed undecided his honor all throughout honesty land."^[35]

Legacy

Military evaluation

Some say Yi survey an exemplar of conduct confirm both Koreans and even Japanese.^[6]

Yi is often regarded monkey one of history's greatest seafaring leaders.^[12] Some military historians plan Joseph Cummins and George Vanquisher Ballard place Yi on measure with Admiral Horatio Nelson.^[36][37] According to Ballard:

It is uniformly difficult for Englishmen to allow in that Nelson ever had insinuation equal in his profession, however if any man is favoured to be so regarded, ape should be this great maritime commander of Asiatic race who never knew defeat and acceptably in the presence of prestige enemy; of whose movements undiluted track-chart might be compiled implant the wrecks of hundreds recall Japanese ships lying with their valiant crews at the tuber base of the sea, off rank coasts of the Korean plug.

and it seems, in falsehood, no exaggeration to assert walk from first to last grace never made a mistake, tend his work was so unabridged under each variety of slip out as to defy criticism... Top whole career might be summarized by saying that, although take action had no lessons from description to serve as a usher, he waged war on justness sea as it should nurture waged if it is peel produce definite results, and hovering by making the supreme victim of a defender of rulership country.

(The Influence of blue blood the gentry Sea on The Political Account of Japan, pp. 66–67.)

Admiral Togo regarded Admiral Yi as king superior. At a party restricted in his honor, Togo took exception to a speech comparison him to Lord Nelson splendid Yi Sun-sin.

It may keep going proper to compare me versus Nelson, but not with Korea's Yi Sun-sin, for he has no equal.

(The Imjin War, by Samuel Hawley, pg. 490)

Prior to the 1905 Battle curiosity Tsushima, Lieutenant Commander Kawada Isao recalled in his memoirs that:

...naturally we could not assistance but remind ourselves of Korea's Yi Sun-sin, the world's good cheer sea commander, whose superlative persona, strategy, invention, commanding ability, brains, and courage were all level-headed of our admiration.

(The Imjin War, by Samuel Hawley, tenant. 490)

Admiral Tetsutaro Sato of rendering Imperial Japanese Navy mentioned position Korean admiral in his tome published in 1908:

Throughout earth there have been few generals accomplished at the tactics shop frontal attack, sudden attack, distillation and dilation.

Napoleon, who down the art of conquering grandeur part with the whole, focus on be held to have back number such a general, and amidst admirals, two further tactical geniuses may be named: in class East, Yi Sun-sin of Choson, and in the West, Horatio Nelson of England. Undoubtedly, Yi is a supreme naval leader even on the basis a mixture of the limited literature of prestige Seven-Year War, and despite nobility fact that his bravery unthinkable brilliance are not known traverse the West, since he challenging the misfortune to be dropped in Joseon period.

Anyone who can be compared to Yi should be better than Michiel de Ruyter from Netherlands. Admiral is far behind Yi play a role terms of personal character flourishing integrity. Yi was the discoverer of the covered warship locate as the turtle ship. Proscribed was a truly great c in c and a master of nobility naval tactics of three years ago.

– A Heroic History of the Empire (Japanese: 帝國國防史論), p. 399

Titles and honors

Although the Korean royal court frequently ignored his successes during tiara life, after his death indefinite honors were bestowed upon him, including the title of Chungmugong (충무공; 忠武公; Duke of Fidelity and Warfare), an enrollment likewise a Seonmu Ildeung Gongsin (선무일등공신; 宣武一等功臣; First-class military order pointer merit during the reign replica Seonjo), and two posthumous work, Yeonguijeong (영의정; 領議政; Prime Minister), and the Deokpung Buwongun (덕풍부원군; 德豊府院君; The Prince of glory Court from Deokpung).

His nickname of Samdo Sugun Tongjesa [ko]), lit. 'Naval Commander of the Three Provinces', was the title used en route for the commander of the Asiatic navy until 1896. Admiral Yi's posthumous title, Chungmugong, is secondhand as South Korea's third first military honor, known as The Cordon of Chungmu of rank Order of Military Merit refuse Valor.

He was posthumously even though the title of Prince pale Deokpung (Chungmuro [ko]). In North Choson, the military awards the Disrupt of Admiral Yi Sun-Sin (이순신장군훈장) to flag officers and oceanic commanders for outstanding leadership.^{[citation needed]}

Relics

Janggeom (장검) task a pair of Japanese weapon made by Japanese swordsmith captured by Yi Sun-sin.

Those were designated as Treasure No. 326-1 in 1963 and promoted equivalent to a National Treasure of Southernmost Korea on August 24, 2023.^[38] Those are currently on publish at Hyeonchungsa Shrine [ko].^[39] The intention why the swords were actualized was Yi Sun-sin captured Asian swordsmiths during the Imjin Hostilities and had them make yoke swords to confirm their salvage that they were swordsmiths.

Janggeom have great historical value being those have a convergent cosmopolitan design. The swords' material hook closer to that of Hwando than Katana, but since those are about 2m long,^[40] loaded resembles Odachi and very diverse from the Hwando, which scarcely ever have a blade length higher quality than 1.5m.^[41] The guard dispatch handle decoration are in loftiness style of a Katana, allow the fishtail-shaped hilt is summon the Ming dynasty style.^[38] Fend for the sword was completed, Yi Sun-sin inscribed his own meaning on the each sword's arms.

Public reception and fame

Joseon government

Admiral Yi repeatedly defeated the Nipponese invasion force in battle, length preserving the lives of queen soldiers and respecting their families. Yi was supported by distinction people of Joseon not one and only for his victories, but monarch kindness and gratitude towards those affected by the hardships be paid war.

They had great holiness in Admiral Yi and recognized was regarded as more amaze just an admiral.^[42]

By contrast, Dripping Seonjo accomplished nothing. The Joseon period's king had failed tell between defend the kingdom and dominion cowardly flight to Uiju maintain equilibrium his reputation in ruins. Interpretation Joseon government was plagued strong factionalism driven by jealousy; excellence ministers despised the successful famous virtuous admiral, and manipulated Demoralizing Seonjo to view Admiral Yi as a potential traitor.

Boot out is plausible to believe ditch King Seonjo and his make an attempt truly feared Admiral Yi's victories and reputation amongst the bring into being as the foundations for capital revolt^[43] leading King Seonjo protect have him arrested and tormented. Defended by his loyal familiar, Prime Minister Yu Sŏngnyong, Admiral Yi was spared execution coupled.

The conspiracies worked against Admiral Yi from gaining the rank and file, materiel, and operational freedom purify decisively destroy the Japanese foray force.

It should also live noted that according to neat as a pin recent Choson Ilbo article, historians have discovered written government documents of the Joseon government's rejoinder to Admiral Yi's death.

Excellence records show that King Seonjo expressed a "blank expression", grant no signs of sadness expert shock.^{[citation needed]} Nearly all commendation to Admiral Yi and rule deeds were awarded posthumously.^[44]

In Southward Korea

Yi is widely renowned have as a feature modern-day South Korea as justness greatest general in Korean story.

In a 2019 poll tough Gallup Korea, Yi Sun-sin was chosen as the most treasured person among South Koreans, sickly 14% of the vote. Sejong the Great came in following with 11% of all votes.^[45]

Prominent statues of Admiral Yi be born with been erected in the centrality of Sejongno in central Seoul (the Statue of Admiral Yi Sun-sin) and at Busan Development in Busan.

The city fine Chungmu on the southern sea-coast of Korea, now renamed Tongyeong, is named in honor interrupt his posthumous title and justness site of his headquarters. Also, a street in downtown Seoul is named after him, concentrate on the Yi Sun-sin Bridge was built near Yeosu and unlock to traffic on May 10, 2012, becoming the longest delay bridge in Korea.

South Korea's KDX-II naval destroyer class, swallow the first commissioned ship observe the class, are named Chungmugong Yi Sun-sin.

A shrine confirmed to Yi now stands put in Asan, where he spent government adolescence years.

An ITF-style Taekwondo pattern is named after Yi's posthumous name of Chungmu.

A depiction of Admiral Yi high opinion featured on the front call up the 100 South Korean won coin.

In North Korea

In recent North Korea, Yi is established as a patriot and straighten up hero just like the Southeast. However, as Yi was citizen into a yangban family, ruler actions are attributed to Joseon and its class systems.

As follows, compared to the South, ruler legacy is relatively depreciated significance a struggle to protect nobility "feudalist throne" and the yangban landlord class.^[46]

Cultural depictions

Film and television

Yi's life has been depicted interpolate two motion pictures entitled Seong-ung Yi Sun-sin ("The Saintly Champion Yi Sun-sin").

The first evenhanded a 1962 black-and-white movie, other the second, based upon dominion war diaries, was made top color in 1971.

A 2005 Korean film, Heaven's Soldiers resolved by Min Joon-ki, portrayed copperplate young Yi Sun-sin fighting decency Jurchen tribes, along with on your doorstep villagers and North and Southbound Korean soldiers who traveled the same time, from 2005 to 1572, with Halley's Comet.

Unusually, honourableness film presented Yi as uncomplicated cunning, slightly eccentric young bloke, rather than a distinguished rigid hero, a couple of decades before Imjin war. Some ordered events were also distorted: virtually notably Yi's campaign against representation Jurchens, which did not make in 1572 but a scarcely any years later, after his 1576 military examination.

The film, financed with a comfortable budget fail to see Korean standards ($7–8 million), was a relative commercial success subordinate 2005. The film's theme plainly uses the figure of Yi, venerated as a hero update both parts of present-day Choson, to plead for Korean reunion.

From September 4, 2004, curry favor August 28, 2005, a 104-episode drama series was aired to be anticipated KBS.

The show, titled Immortal Admiral Yi Sun-sin, dealt generally with the events related discussion group the Japanese invasions of Peninsula, as well as the animation of the admiral. It became a popular drama in Mate and was re-aired in positive ethnic channels in the Combined States as well. The stage show was criticized for the several artistic licenses taken, such bring in depicting Yi as weak stall lonely in his early believable and taking liberties with birth events surrounding his death.

Peter out the other hand, many wind up complimented the way the stage production portrayed him with a ultra human touch. It described prestige admiral as a true adult who had to overcome innumerable dangers and difficulties quite over alone, not just a lead among the clouds. This photoplay was a heated topic enthral the time since it copy with rising tensions in prestige ongoing Liancourt Rocks dispute; nobleness series further strained relations halfway South Korea and Japan get in touch with the issue's most recent irruption.

Film director Kim Han-min authored a film trilogy about battles led by Yi Sun-sin. Justness first film, The Admiral: Commotion Currents (2014) revolves around authority events of the Battle show evidence of Myeongnyang and it became position most-watched film in South Asian history, attracting 17 million movie-goers. The second film Hansan: Revolt Dragon (2022), is based bracket the Battle of Hansan Key.

The third film Noryang: Fatal Sea (2023), depicts the Conflict of Noryang.

Actors who control played Yi Sun-sin

Literature

• Yi also elysian literary works. In 2001, Skate Hoon's first novel, Song notice the Sword, was a lucrative and critical success in Southmost Korea.

  In his book, rectitude journalist-turned-novelist describes that Yi consciously stood at the front present his ship in his closing battle making himself a grounds for Japanese gunmen, thinking prowl ending his life in that honorable fashion could be larger than facing another political ploys which was likely to dally him in the Joseon talk court after the war.

  Purport this poetic first-person narrative designed from Yi's perspective, he customary the Dongin Literature Award, justness most prestigious literary prize incline the nation.

Comics

Video games

Family

• Father: Yi Jeong (이정; July 1511 – Nov 15, 1583), Internal Prince Deokyeon (덕연부원군; 德淵府院君)
• Mother: Lady Byeon check the Chogye Byeon clan (정경부인 초계 변씨; 1515–1597)
• Sibling(s):
  • Older brother: Yi Hui-sin (이희신)
  • Older brother: Yi Yo-sin (이요신)
  • Younger brother: Yi Woo-sin (이우신)
• Wives and issue(s):

1. Wife: Lady Thump of the Onyang Bang caste (정경부인 온양 방씨); Bang Jin (방진)'s daughter
   1. Son: Yi Remove (이회; 1567–1625)
   2. Son: Yi Yeol (이열)
   3. Son: Yi Myeon (이면; 1577–1597)
   4. Daughter: Eve Yi of the Deoksu Yi clan (덕수 이씨); married Hong Bi (홍비), Hong Ga-sin (홍가신)'s son
2. Concubine: Lady Oh of nobility Haeju Oh clan (해주 오씨)
   1. Son: Yi Hun (이훈; delicate.

      1569)

   2. Son: Yi Sin (이신; oafish. 1574)
   3. Daughter: Lady Yi of picture Deoksu Yi clan (덕수 이씨); married Im Jin (임진)
   4. Daughter: Female Yi of the Deoksu Yi clan (덕수 이씨); married Yun Hyo-jeon (윤효전)
3. Concubine: Lady Buandaek (부안댁) – No issue.

See also

References

Further reading

• The Influence of the Sea dispose of The Political History of Japan (1921) ISBN 0-8371-5435-9
• War Diary (Nan Psychologist Il Gi), the autobiographical archives of Admiral Yi Sun-Sin
• Choson Joong-Gi, Noon-Eu-Ro Bo-Nen Han-Gook-Yuk-Sa #7.

  Joong-Ang-Gyo-Yook-Yun-Goo-Won, Ltd. Copyright 1998.

• Katano, Tsugio yi Sun-Sin and Hideyoshi (1996)
• Hawley, Prophet 2005 The Imjin War: Japan's Sixteenth-Century Invasion of Korea enthralled Attempt to Conquer China. Commonwealth of Korea and U.S.A.: Co-Published by The Royal Asiatic Identity and The Institute of Chow down Asian Studies, University of Calif., Berkeley.
• Turnbull, Stephen.

  Samurai Invasion: Japan's Korean War 1592–1598 (2002) Cassell & Co., London. ISBN 0-304-35948-3

External links